Our Yesterdays

January 1962

President Kennedy reads The Other America by Michael Harrington

July 1963

President Kennedy instructs his agencies - CEA, Bureau of the Budget, DOL and Hew to "make the case for a major policy to attack poverty."

August 1963

250,000 persons led by Martin Luther King Jr., march on Washington for jobs & freedom. "I have a dream…", he tells America.

November 1963

President Kennedy decides "anti-poverty measures" are to be included in his 1967 legislative program.

President Kennedy is assassinated.

January 1964

President Johnson declares "War on Poverty" in his State of the Union message

February 1964

Sargent Shriver is named head of War on Poverty program by President Johnson on February 1. He convenes first task force meeting to plan legislation.

The Beatles appear on Ed Sullivan Show, drawing 68 million viewers, one of the largest television audiences ever.

March 1964

Sargent Shriver presents legislative proposal to the hearings held by The House Committee on education and Labor.

July 1964

Economic Opportunity Act passes Senate.

August 1964

Economic Opportunity Act passes House and is signed into law.

November 1964

Office of Economic Opportunity makes first grants to community action agencies.

Lyndon Johnson elected President.

December 1964

Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. receives Nobel Peace Prize

February 1965

OEO memo from Jules Sugarman announces initiation of Project Head Start.

June 1965

House hearings held on expansion of the War on Poverty.

September 1965

Congress doubles the appropriations for OEO programs.

January 1966

President Johnson pledges to "speed up the War on Poverty" in 1966 State of the Union message.

February 1966

Eighteen months after the Community Action Program was launched over 1,000 CAAs have been funded.

March 1966

Republican Representative Quie proposes the percentage of poor on local CAA boards be at least 1/3, urges figure be written into legislation.

April 1966

Senator Robert Kennedy charges Johnson Administration’s budget cuts will hurt the poor the most.

Community action agency employees paid from federal funds are made subject to the Hatch Act.

May 1966

Auto magnate Henry Ford II states "business leaders have duty to join War on Poverty".

September 1966

Representative Adam Clayton Powell, Chairman of House Education and Labor Committee, releases report showing the War on Poverty "has been a good program…"

November 1966

A.P. Randolph Institute introduces $185 billion "freedom budget" to end poverty.

December 1966

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. attacks national priorities that make war in Vietnam "national obsession" while reducing War on Poverty to a "skirmish".

March 1967

Administration sends its proposed Economic Opportunity Act of 1967 to Congress. In response to, Congress requires the state or local government to designate CAA.

December 1967

War on Poverty authorization (bottled up in congress for much of the year) is signed into law.

February 1968

Tet Offensive starts in Vietnam.

March 1968

Johnson nominates Sargent Shriver as Ambassador to France.

April 1968

Dr. Martin Luther King assassinated.

June 1968

Senator Robert F. Kennedy assassinated.

Summer 1968

Emergency Food and Medical Services established; (in 1975 becomes The Community Food and Nutrition Program).

August 1968

Watts riots

November 1968

Richard Nixon elected President.

January 1969

Commission appointed by President Nixon proposes a gradual dismemberment of OEO.

February 1969

Daniel Patrick Moynihan’s book Maximum Feasible Misunderstanding published.

April 1969

Donald Rumsfeld appointed OEO Director.

Earth Day is celebrated for the first time.

July 1969

Head Start transferred from OEO to the new Office of Child Development in the Department of HEW.

Neil Armstrong becomes first man to walk on the moon.

August 1969

Woodstock Music and Art Fair, Woodstock, NY.

September 1969

Job Corps transferred from OEO to Department of Labor.

November 1970

Phillip Sanchez confirmed as head of OEO.

December 1970

President Nixon vetoes $6.3 billion two-year OEO reauthorization bill.

January 1973

Nixon ‘FY 74 Budget proposes OEO dismantlement.

February 1973

Howard Phillips named acting OEO Director.

Paris Accords signed, signaling end to U.S. involvement in Vietnam War.

March 1973

Congressional Black Caucus protests cutting back OEO programs that affect poor, black and disadvantaged Americans.

CAA Directors, OEO union file suit to block dismantlement of OEO.

April 1973

Judge Walter Jones orders acting OEO Director Phillips to halt his termination of OEO programs and brands as "illegal" Nixon move to dismantle OEO.

June 1973

Judge Jones rules that Phillips can no longer serve as acting director because he had never been confirmed by the Senate.

September 1973

Alvin Arnett confirmed as Director of OEO.

October 1973

Egypt & Syria attack Israel on Yom Kippur. Arab oil embargo of the US begins.

Winter 1973

OEO funds pilot projects for energy conservation/weatherization and emergency fuel assistance under the leadership of Richard Saul.

May 1974

House approves bill which would abolish OEO and transfer CAAs to HEW.

July 1974

Bert Gallegos nominated to become OEO Director.

Congress approves transfer of Legal Services to new independent corporation.

August 1974

President Nixon resigns. Gerald Ford sworn in as president.

January 1975

President Ford signs bill replacing OEO with The Community Services Administration.

July 1976

Celebration of the nation’s Biscentennial.

November 1976

Jimmy Carter elected President.

March 1977

Rep. David Obey (D-Wis.) wins amendment to provide $200 million for an Emergency Energy/Fuel Assistance Program for families unable to pay fuel bills.

April 1977

Graciela Olivarez appointed CSA Director.

October 1977

The Department of Energy opens its doors.

Winter 1978-79

The Fuel Oil Market Advisory Committee co-chaired by Anthony Maggiore designs the framework of the LIHEAP program.

August 1979

50% of Weatherization program transferred to Department of Energy.

October 1979

Senate Interior Appropriations bill includes $1.2 billion in emergency aid for poor people to pay fuel bills.

November 1979

Congress authorizes the home Energy Assistance Act.

Senate approves bill establishing within CSA a comprehensive energy conservation services program, to include Weatherization and Crisis Intervention services.

May 1980

Mount St. Helens in Washington erupts.

June 1980

Richard Rios nominated to be Director of CSA.

August 1980

U.S. boycotts Summer Olympics in Moscow.

November 1980

Ronald Reagan elected President.

January 1981

Ronald Reagan sworn in as President. 52 American hostages released after 444 days of captivity in Iran.

Reagan transition team recommends retaining The Community Services Administration.

National Community Action Foundation is established by CAA leadership.

March 1981

Assassination attempt on President Reagan.

May 1981

House of Representatives approves by a narrow margin Gramm-Latta 1, bill calls for abolition of CSA/Economic Opportunity Act. Supports the Reagan Administrations package of budget reductions.

June 1981

Senate Labor and Human Resources Committee on 11 to 9 votes defeats Metzenbaum amendment to reauthorize Economic Opportunity Act. Later, by 11 to 9 vote approves creation of the Community Services Block Grant.

August 1981

House-Senate conference approves creation of CSBG.

September 1981

The Community Services Administration closes its doors. 1,000 employees laid off.

October 1981

Sandra Day O’Connor becomes the first female Supreme court Justice.

July 1982

Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution dies, three states shy of 38 needed.

September 1982

Congress re-authorizes the Community Service Block Grant.

March 1983

First CD players hit the market in U.S., prige tag: $800-$1000.

November 1983

A terrorist car bomb kills 147 Marines stationed in Lebanon.

July 1984

Geraldine Ferraro becomes first female candidate for Vice President.

November 1984

President Reagan re-elected.

May 1985

Last-minute budget deal saves CSBG during senate floor debate on FY 1986 Budget.

January 1986

The space shuttle challenger explodes.

April 1986

Chernobyl reactor meltdown.

June 1986

GAO study concludes CSBG is "a necessary and vital program for the poor".

September 1986

Congress re-authorizes CSBG.

May 1987

House approves major role for CAAs in McKinney Homeless Act.

October 1987

On "Black Monday" the Dow falls 508 points, or 22.6 percent.

November 1988

George Bush elected President.

December 1988

Pan Am flight 103 explodes over Lockerbie, Scotland, killing all aboard.

March 1989

Exxon Valdez spills 260,000 bbl. Of crude oil into Prince William Sound.

May 1989

Tiananmen square massacre.

November 1989

Berlin Wall torn down.

January 1990

Douglas Wilder becomes the nation’s first black governor. (Virginia).

February 1990

Nelson Mandela released from prison after 27 years in captivity.

September 1990

Congress approves reauthorization and expansion of The Community Services Block Grant.

November 1990

Margaret Thatcher, the longest serving British Prime Minister in more than 160 years, resigns.

June 1991

Boris Yeltsin elected President of Russia.

May 1992

L.A. riots

November 1992

Bill Clinton elected President.

April 1994

President Nixon dies.

May 1994

Jacquline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis dies.

October 1994

Congress re-authorizes CSBG.

March 1996

Speaker Gingrich agrees to help dramatically increase CSBG funding.

August 1996

Welfare "reform" signed into law.

August 1997

Taxpayer Relief Act and Balanced Budget Act signed into law.

October 1998

Congress re-authorizes CSBG once again. Head Start funding reaches $5 billion, CSBG funding reaches one half billion.